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(詳細はphonetics and phonology of Korean. Korean has many allophones, so it is important here to distinguish morphophonemes (written inside vertical pipes ) from corresponding phonemes (written inside slashes ) and allophones (written inside brackets ). ==Consonants== The IPA symbol (resembling a subscript double straight quotation mark, shown here with a placeholder circle) is used to denote the tensed consonants .〔Sometimes the tense consonants are marked with an apostrophe, . This is not IPA usage; in the IPA, the apostrophe indicates ejective consonants.〕 Its official use in the Extensions to the IPA is for 'strong' articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice. The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice, but it is not yet known how typical this is of faucalized consonants. They are produced with a partially constricted glottis and additional subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx. An alternative analysis proposes that the "tensed" series of sounds are (fundamentally) regular voiceless, unaspirated consonants; that the "lax" sounds are voiced consonants which become devoiced initially; and that the primary distinguishing feature between word-initial "lax" and "tensed" consonants is that initial lax sounds cause the following vowel to assume a low-to-high pitch contour – a feature reportedly associated with voiced consonants in many Asian languages – whereas tensed (and also aspirated) consonants are associated with a uniformly high pitch. are voiced between voiced sounds, but voiceless elsewhere. Among younger generations, they may be just as aspirated as in initial position; the primary difference is that the following vowel carries a low tone. are strongly aspirated – more so than English voiceless stops. may be pronounced by some speakers, especially before back vowels. The sibilant has behavior of both the plain and aspirated stops: it is aspirated, at least word-initially, and does not become voiced intervocalically like the plain stops, but has relatively brief contact (shorter than ), like the plain stops. The analysis of as phonologically plain or aspirated has been a source of controversy in the literature; phonetically, however, it is aspirated. are palatalized before . tend to be denasalized word-initially. Often they are not actual stops either, but sometimes a stop release burst is audible, e.g. 그런데메밀 → .〔These allophones can be transcribed as denasalized or nasalized . (Heselwood 2013 ''Phonetic Transcription in Theory and Practice'', p. 211 fig. 5.2.〕 appears only between vowels and in the syllable coda. is an alveolar flap between vowels or between a vowel and an ; and is or at the end of a word, before a consonant other than , or next to another . It is unstable at the beginning of a word, tending to become before most vowels, and silent before , though it is not uncommonly in English loanwords. Between vowels, may be voiced , or may become inaudible or disappear in many cases. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Korean phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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